How to sound native in a foreign language

How do you sound native in a foreign language. First, there's obviously the accent, how you get those weird vowels and inflection just right. There's just plain grammar, which words are masculine or feminine, is the the past perfect continuous participle or the simple hortative passive? Then there's just plain word choice: a sentence could be translated one-for-one but you just don't say it that way in the other language.

Most grammars/instruction of languages will give you this. They give you all the conjugations of all the regular and irregular verbs. They teach you the right preposition. And maybe you can give a lecture in high-speed particle physics or order cake at a coffee shop or even discuss basic politics with a taxi driver. And all this fluently.

But they don't tell you how to be influent like a native. How to make the mistakes a native speaker would make. Hemming and hawing and slurring and skipping unnecessary words and adding the slightest of hints at words that change the entire meaning of a sentence, all like a native.

So here's a list of things, some barely linguistic grunts, in English that you should learn in the other language of your choice to add that bit of informal fluency.

• Uh, um - /u/, /um/ just filler until you can think of the next word
• Hm - /h/ I'm thinking
• Hunh? (recently considered to be a language universal, the similar phonology) 
• What? (I didn't hear your or I didn't understand you)
• Uh hunh (yes) u hū
• Unh unh (no) ū ?ū
• Right? (wasn't I correct) also No?
• Hey ('watch out!' or 'look at me!')
• Pfft /f/ - expression of disdain
• Ha 
• just plain laughing - different in every language
• ow! (that hurts!)

Of course, these may not translate well, or translate at all. German has 'je', 'doch' etc, Chinese the sentence endings 'a', 'ba', 'ne'. What are the universals?

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It goes without saying (but I'm actually saying it and that's contradictory. Does that go without saying?) that profanity and other taboos are a large part of sounding native. I hesitate to add that as another category of things to learn. First, because they are almost by definition part of an informal language that is not very public and so not that necessary for communication. And second, it's bad enough when a native uses it, but it's extra awful when someone with even the slightest hint of an accent mouths off; it's rude _and_ they didn't do it right!. That said, here goes:

• ow! (I hurt myself)
• dammit! (I made a mistake)
• Damn you! (you made a mistake)
• You bad person! (insults)
• Leave me alone
• You suboptimal person! ()
• Taboo body parts and functions (sex, death, family, religion, and excrement), stand alone or in combination.

I've gone almost beyond mincing, but I think these are universal situations for which you can give canonical examples and extrapolate from there. Some languages have their own idiomatic domains (e.g. Quebecois seems to only use taboo terms that are also perfectly fine vocabulary of the Catholic Church, Arabic seems to favor comparisons to animals). There is surely a lot of overlap in the list, and many possibilities for each one. Expanding to full phrases may involve all of them.